In a groundbreaking development, NASA's rover Perseverance has uncovered new evidence of organic matter on Mars, reigniting the age-old question of whether the Red Planet could have once supported life. The barren and icy Martian desert we know today was once a vastly different world, with rivers, lakes, and seas teeming with potential organisms billions of years ago. Perseverance, exploring the ancient Jezero Crater since February 2021, has detected traces of organic molecules, considered the "building blocks of life," providing hope for the possibility of past or even current extraterrestrial life.&nbsp;<img src="https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/blmind-7bd94.appspot.com/o/images%2FAS8AnALwESOzvOgry0nm.jpg?alt=media" alt="undefined" style="height: undefined;width: undefined"/>Equipped with the state-of-the-art Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) instrument, Perseverance has collected multiple samples from various rock formations within the crater. The results have revealed the presence of diverse organic molecules, including hydrocarbons, suggesting a complex geochemical cycle and potentially habitable conditions on Mars in its distant past. These findings challenge previous assumptions and open up exciting new avenues of exploration for scientists.While the exact origin of the discovered organic matter remains unclear, it holds great promise for understanding the availability of carbon sources and searching for potential bio-signatures. The molecules may have been formed through interactions between water and rock, the influence of meteorites, or even through deposits of space dust. Unraveling the mystery behind Martian organic matter could provide crucial insights into the possibilities of life beyond Earth.This is not the first encounter with organic matter on Mars; the Curiosity rover previously made similar discoveries in the Gale Crater. However, the widespread presence of organic molecules across different Martian regions suggests that the basic building blocks of life are not limited to specific locations but have a more pervasive presence on the Red Planet. These findings underscore the need for further exploration and study to determine the extent and diversity of Martian organic compounds.Excitement is mounting as Perseverance continues its mission, with plans for future expeditions like the Mars Sample Return mission. This ambitious endeavor aims to bring back carefully preserved samples to Earth for detailed analysis in laboratory settings. By examining these samples, scientists hope to definitively answer the age-old question of whether Mars once harbored life. The discoveries made by Perseverance represent significant strides in our understanding of the potential for extraterrestrial life and pave the way for future missions that will unlock the secrets of our neighboring planet.Sources:&nbsp;<ol><li><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06143-z" target="_blank">https://www.nature.com</a>&nbsp;</li></ol>

Mars Rover Perseverance Discovers Organic Matter, Fueling Speculation of Ancient Life on the Red Planet

Certainly, the brain is one of the most incredible and complex things in the known universe. It is the organ that defines us as human beings, the center of our emotions, thoughts, and actions. Through its intricate network of billions of neurons and synapses, the brain allows us to perceive the world, learn, remember, communicate, and experience life in all its facets. However, it is important to note that despite the significant advances scientists have made in recent years, there is still much we do not know. There are many things that elude us, such as how thoughts are formed, what makes a person creative, why some people have excellent memory while others don't. These are some of the questions that continue to challenge researchers today. So, in their quest for answers, a team of physicists from the University of Sydney and the University of Fudan have made a truly strange discovery. We all know about spirals, which are patterns found in many places in the universe and even here on our planet. The resemblance between the network of galaxies in the universe and the connections in our brain is astonishing. Now, the question arises: could the brain also have spirals within its neuronal network? Well, it has just been confirmed that it does. These spirals were observed through functional magnetic resonance imaging in brain scans of 100 young adults, corresponding to brain signals observed in the cortex during resting and cognitive states. These states help the brain organize and process information. The spirals act as gates or walls, coordinating the flow of activity between these networks. This set of organized interactions allows for a flexible and dynamic reconfiguration of brain activity during various complex tasks, which involve natural language processing and working memory. In order to achieve this flexibility, the waves can change their rotation directions. Understanding these spirals definitively could reveal the most incredible secrets of the mind in the future and perhaps even explain consciousness.

The Incredible Resemblance Between the Brain and the Universe

The James Webb Telescope continues its journey through the cosmos, showing us some incredible things about the universe, from its far reaches to our own home, where it has already observed all the gas giant planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. But what few expected is that it would revolutionize some concepts we had about the edge of the universe that we thought we understood. And now, nobody can explain it. We will take a new look at the recent discoveries of the James Webb Telescope and we will see a new mystery that has emerged at the edge of the universe.These new findings have once again left us with more questions than answers. This is something very curious because we expected to find answers to some questions with the James Webb but what we got were more and more questions. Gigantic things are appearing at the edge of the universe that shouldn't be there, and colossal black holes at the dawn of creation that we don't know where they came from.TRAPPIST-1bAt nearly 40 light-years away, the James Webb examines TRAPPIST-1b and TRAPPIST-1c. We have one of the most incredible planetary systems discovered in recent times called TRAPPIST-1, where there are seven Earth-like planets, some of them in the habitable zone. The James Webb had examined the closest planet to the red dwarf star TRAPPIST-1, which is TRAPPIST-1b. The Webb Telescope has discovered that this planet reaches very high temperatures, up to 230 degrees Celsius. We have also seen that it is unlikely to have an atmosphere, which definitely leaves TRAPPIST-1b, the planet closest to that red dwarf star, in a state similar to Mercury in our solar system. In other words, we are talking about a planet with very little likelihood of supporting life. However, the Webb recently also provided us with data about TRAPPIST-1c, the next planet. Many scientists thought that TRAPPIST-1c would be another Earth-like planet, more similar to Venus. However, when the James Webb examined that planet, it discovered that it was not like Venus. However, the Webb's measurements revealed that TRAPPIST-1c has a daytime temperature of approximately 100 degrees Celsius, and in the nighttime or intermediate zone, temperatures could even drop below zero degrees Celsius. What the James Webb has shown is that TRAPPIST-1c does not seem to have an atmosphere, so the planet would be like another Mercury, but colder.&nbsp;<img src="https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/blmind-7bd94.appspot.com/o/images%2FQc9y39SyYk7kcom7k5AM.jpg?alt=media" alt="undefined" style="height: undefined;width: undefined"/>Supernova SN 2004etThe James Webb Telescope is also examining the supernova SN 2004et, where an incredible hexagonal halo has been observed, produced, according to NASA, by the temperature of stellar dust. But there are also images of one of the most well-known and incredible nebulae, the Orion Nebula, and pay attention because there were surprises there. These images from the James Webb Space Telescope reveal the Orion bar in the Orion Nebula, where stellar radiation interacts with molecular clouds. One of those very strange clouds, by the way, has a multitude of young stars forming planets like Earth. Who knows what forms of life exist in those places because precisely in that area, the James Webb detected carbon-based compounds essential for life, and it found them in areas where it is believed that planetary systems are forming.<img src="https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/blmind-7bd94.appspot.com/o/images%2FyA2dX7WZk1GZWkkVEpS7.jpg?alt=media" alt="undefined" style="height: undefined;width: undefined"/> Gigantic Black Holes Where They Shouldn't Be! If we have to talk about the most recent and incredible discoveries made by the James Webb, we must inevitably talk about black holes. When the Webb was examining the edge of the universe, it not only found galaxies that should not exist according to current scientific models but also discovered excessively large stars. And now, it has also found very peculiar black holes. Just 440 million years after the Big Bang, the Webb Telescope found the largest stars in the universe. Just 440 million years! Imagine, our Sun is more than 4 billion years old, and these stars are much larger than our Sun. Specifically, they are 10,000 times larger than our Sun, and they were already formed 400 million years after the Big Bang. In fact, it is unthinkable for such monsters to form so early. But when they examined the black holes, they observed the same thing. Take a look at the very distant galaxy called Thers 1019. The Webb detected a colossal black hole there, with an age of only 570 million years after the Big Bang. That black hole has a mass equivalent to 9 million times our Sun, which means it is as if that black hole had swallowed 9 million suns. In fact, many people wondered how galaxies could have formed so early in the early universe. How were these large stars and black holes formed so early.&nbsp;&nbsp;The more we look at the distant universe with powerful telescopes, the more questions arise instead of answers. A Polish scientist named Nicodem Blaski from Indiana University in the United States has proposed an interesting theory. He believes that the universe emerged from a black hole, and before this universe, there was another one where matter and energy collapsed, rotating like a funnel. He explains it with two water bottles. In the upper bottle, which would represent the black hole, the matter that makes up the entire universe would fall, rotating in the black hole, generating a whirlpool, and fall to the other side, creating a baby universe. Then, everything would expand, and a new universe would be born, perhaps rotating. This would explain why everything in the universe rotates. It would also explain why there are such massive black holes so early, as they would manage to pass through the funnel since matter in a black hole is compressed just like in a funnel. It would also provide a solution to the apparent madness that inside a black hole, there is infinite density in zero volume. It would also explain how the universe emerged from nothing. It would also explain the fast growth of the universe at the beginning than later. AND it would also explain the observations made by the James Webb at the edge of the universe. Its an interesting theory to consider. It is only a theory that is not yet supported but it is a fairly valid theory that explains many things. We will see if Popplausky is right in the end. It makes me wonder. What if the accelerating expansion of the universe is caused by another massive black hole, swallowing it all and repeating the cycle once again.Sources:<ol><li><a href="https://phys.org/news/2023-06-webb-thick-carbon-dioxide-atmosphere.html" target="_blank">https://phys.org/</a>&nbsp;</li><li><a href="https://webbtelescope.org/" target="_blank">https://webbtelescope.org/</a>&nbsp;</li><li><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1410.3881" target="_blank">https://arxiv.org/</a>&nbsp;</li></ol>

The JWST Discovers Something Disturbing At The Edge of the Universe

Rumiñahui, also known as Rumiñawi or Ruminawi, was a prominent Inca warrior who played a significant role during the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire. Here are some fascinating facts about Rumiñahui:Leadership and Resistance:Rumiñahui was one of the Inca commanders who led the resistance against the Spanish conquistadors after the capture of the Inca emperor Atahualpa in 1532. He played a vital role in organizing and leading military campaigns against the Spanish forces.Strategic Retreat:After the execution of Atahualpa, Rumiñahui led a strategic retreat, moving the Inca capital from Cusco to Vilcabamba, deep in the Andean mountains. This move allowed the Inca resistance to regroup and continue the fight against the Spanish invaders.<img src="https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/blmind-7bd94.appspot.com/o/images%2FoYNie9Ro6NJt7qs9ri4c.jpg?alt=media" alt="undefined" style="height: undefined;width: undefined"/>Guerrilla Tactics:Rumiñahui employed guerrilla warfare tactics to harass the Spanish forces and disrupt their supply lines. His tactics involved surprise attacks, ambushes, and hit-and-run strategies, which proved effective against the more technologically advanced Spanish army.<img src="https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/blmind-7bd94.appspot.com/o/images%2F66oGu1YuF4vAUBZnw91H.jpg?alt=media" alt="undefined" style="height: undefined;width: undefined"/>The Burning of Quito:In 1534, Rumiñahui set fire to the Inca city of Quito to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Spanish. Rather than let the city become a symbol of Spanish victory, he ordered its destruction, resulting in significant damage to the city and its valuable treasures.Capture and Tragic End:Despite his efforts, Rumiñahui was eventually captured by the Spanish forces in 1535. To prevent his captors from discovering the hidden treasures of the Inca Empire, he ordered them to be thrown into the nearby Lake Yahuarcocha. Legend has it that he later revealed the treasures' location with the famous phrase, "If the traitor wants gold, tell him to seek it in the depths of the lake of Yahuarcocha."Controversial Death:After his capture, Rumiñahui was tortured by the Spanish in an attempt to extract information about hidden treasures. Tragically, he died under torture without revealing the secrets. His death is seen as a symbol of the Inca resistance and their refusal to yield to Spanish domination.<img src="https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/blmind-7bd94.appspot.com/o/images%2FerlZpgMgff0t4nGGYfaZ.jpg?alt=media" alt="undefined" style="height: undefined;width: undefined"/>Rumiñahui's bravery, strategic skills, and unwavering resistance against the Spanish conquest make him a significant figure in Inca history and a symbol of the indigenous resistance against colonization.

You Won't Believe What This Inca Warrior Did to Defy Conquest

The James Webb Space Telescope, the largest and most advanced telescope in space, marks its first year of scientific operations with a remarkable achievement. NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) have released an awe-inspiring image captured by the telescope, showcasing the birth of stars similar to our Sun. This milestone celebration highlights the significant impact Webb has had in revolutionizing our understanding of the cosmos and exploring the mysteries of the universe. A Close-Up of Star Formation:The newly unveiled image reveals a small star-forming region located in the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex, which is the closest such region to Earth. The proximity of this region, approximately 390 light-years away, enables detailed observations without the interference of foreground stars. The image depicts around 50 young stars, all comparable in mass to the Sun or smaller. Darker regions represent denser areas where thick dust envelops the developing proto-stars. Of particular interest are the enormous bipolar jets of molecular hydrogen, depicted in red, which dominate the image. These jets occur when a star bursts through its cosmic dust envelope, symbolizing the awe-inspiring moment of a star's birth.<img src="https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/blmind-7bd94.appspot.com/o/images%2FACTnEdF9vGQAZIbGCkNY.jpg?alt=media" alt="undefined" style="height: undefined;width: undefined"/>Exploring the Life Cycle of Stars:Klaus Pontoppidan, a scientist involved in the Webb project, explains that the Rho Ophiuchi image allows us to witness a fleeting stage in the life cycle of stars. Similar to our own Sun, which experienced a phase like this in the past, this extraordinary glimpse provides scientists with the technological capabilities to observe the beginning of another star's journey. The image also reveals the presence of protoplanetary disks, indicated by revealing shadows, which hold the potential to develop into planetary systems in the future. Transforming Our Understanding of the Universe:In just one year, the James Webb Space Telescope has revolutionized our perception of the cosmos. By capturing light from distant corners of the universe and observing previously unseen dust clouds, Webb has unveiled a plethora of new discoveries. NASA Administrator Bill Nelson emphasizes that each new image is an opportunity for scientists worldwide to explore and answer questions that were previously unimaginable. Webb's unprecedented capabilities have opened up a new era in astronomy, enabling research on the early universe, galaxy evolution, the life cycles of stars, and the existence of other worlds.Looking Ahead: As we celebrate the successful first year of the James Webb Space Telescope, we eagerly anticipate the future discoveries it will bring. Webb's extraordinary vision and technological prowess have allowed us to witness the captivating beauty of celestial phenomena, unraveling the secrets of star formation and pushing the boundaries of our understanding of the universe. With ongoing collaborations between NASA, ESA, and CSA, the Webb telescope will continue to inspire scientists, engage the public, and deepen our knowledge of the cosmos, ultimately reshaping our perception of the universe and our place within it.Sources:&nbsp;<ol><li><a href="https://nypost.com/2023/07/12/nasas-james-webb-space-telescope-shows-star-birth-in-new-image/" target="_blank">https://nypost.com</a>&nbsp;</li><li><a href="https://elpais.com/ciencia/2023-07-12/el-telescopio-james-webb-celebra-su-primer-ano-de-ciencia-con-un-primer-plano-del-nacimiento-de-estrellas-similares-al-sol.html" target="_blank">https://elpais.com</a>&nbsp;</li></ol>

James Webb Space Telescope Captures Spectacular Birth of Sun-like Stars!

For decades, there has been a widespread fascination about the possibility of extraterrestrial life and the question of why we haven't been visited by beings from other planets. However, recent findings have shed light on this enigma. As our understanding of astronomy, astrobiology, and physics advances, scientists have revealed some fundamental reasons why they may not have established contact with us or reached our world. And one of these reasons seems to be definitive, all while the expedition to recover fragments of the first known interstellar object that has impacted our world reveals results that indicate the possibility that it may be a probe from another highly advanced civilization.
The universe is extremely vast, filled with countless small universes called galaxies. We are in one of them called the Milky Way, on a small planet orbiting one of the 300 billion stars that make up our galaxy. If each star in our galaxy were a tiny grain of sand the size of half a millimeter, and if we could line them all up, they would encircle the Earth four times. However, if we lined them up towards the moon, they wouldn't even reach halfway. This demonstrates the vast distances that separate objects in space. Even though the distance from Earth to the moon is minuscule compared to light-years, it still presents a colossal distance. This is the greatest limitation for a civilization that wants to leave its planet. The immense distances would require them to approach the speed of light in order to attempt interstellar travel. However, even then, it is extremely challenging. If we don't travel at a speed surpassing the speed of light, also known as warp speed, we are condemned to remain here forever. And if extraterrestrial civilizations exist, they would also be stuck on their planets, unable to leave. While it may seem like science fiction, we must acknowledge that we will never be able to leave our solar system unless we possess a warp drive capable of surpassing the speed of light.
Over small distances, this would become extremely rapid. Just consider how quickly a beam of light could travel around our planet. In particular, it would circle the Earth seven and a half times in one second. However, when we extend the distances to the solar system, the first problems arises. The solar system already becomes too large. For example, traveling to Mars at the speed of light would make the journey so long that it would no longer be quick. Even if we traveled at the speed of light, it would take more than three minutes to reach Mars. And if we extend it to the entire solar system and travel to Proxima Centauri, we would need to use warp speed or even a thousand times faster than the speed of light. With a warp drive and traveling a thousand times faster than light, it would take a day and a half to reach Proxima Centauri, and that's only to reach Pluto in a matter of seconds.
Now, let's imagine that they have advanced technology, like hibernation or suspended animation, as depicted in movies, where they can enter a capsule and endure long years of travel. Suppose, in addition to all that, they can travel almost at the speed of light. We're not talking about reaching the speed of light because that is completely impossible. It would require so much energy that it is entirely impossible. However, they could come close to the speed of light if they were part of a highly advanced civilization. If they were on a planet located about 50,000 light-years away from us and through their telescopes and detectors, they became aware of the existence of bio-signatures or traces of living beings here, they would have detected it from their planet 50,000 years ago. Traveling at almost the speed of light, it would only take a few months or maybe a year of travel for the spaceship's occupants. However, upon reaching Earth, more than 60,000 years would have passed, so it is very likely that life here would be very different from what they imagined initially. For them, it would be a short amount of time to make that journey if they can travel almost at the speed of light. All of this is due to Einstein's theory of time dilation. However, if they were able to truly travel at the speed of light, their journey would be instant, but this cannot be achieved. Therefore, it would take them months or years, assuming they can travel at 98% or 99% of the speed of light. However, from an external observer's perspective, 60,000 years would have passed. Furthermore, if they change their minds and decide to return to their planet, they would have to endure another 60,000 years. In other words, they would see their planet again after 120,000 years, and it's likely that they wouldn't be there anymore. All of this could only be avoided with a warp drive that expands the space-time around the ship, making travel almost instantaneous. The problem with warp technology is that it requires enormous amounts of energy, negative energy, or exotic energy. For now, we are only talking about science fiction.
Considering the many small grains present in the galaxy, it would be feasible for life to exist in many of them. So why haven't they visited us? Two astrobiologists named Michael Wong from the Carnegie Institution of Science and Stuart Bartlett from California believe they have a definitive answer. The scientists have revealed that advanced civilizations may be doomed to stagnation or extinction before having the opportunity to explore the cosmos. What does this hypothesis presented by these two scientists tell us? It states that as space-faring civilizations grow in scale and technological development, they would eventually reach a crisis point where innovation can no longer meet the demand for energy, leading to their collapse. In simpler terms, the more advanced they become, the more energy they need. Eventually, they reach a point where they require so much energy to explore the cosmos that they must choose between space exploration and ensuring the thriving of life on their planet. If they choose to explore the cosmos, they give up progressing on their planet, resulting in the collapse and destruction of their civilization. They give up advancing in the cosmos in exchange for maintaining their well-being on their planet. It would take them thousands of years to make significant advances in space exploration. The researchers argue that this not only means they cannot visit other worlds but also that they remain on their own planet, making their detection more difficult. Interestingly, the hypothesis of these scientists aligns perfectly with human growth in cities here on Earth. It is exactly the same scenario. They believe that this is the definitive reason why they haven't visited us.
The astrobiologists also mentioned that if we were to detect another civilization someday, it is most likely that they would be on the brink of collapse, dissipating vast amounts of energy in an unsustainable manner. However, to prevent their ruin, they may experience a homeostatic awakening, prioritizing social well-being, sustainable development, and harmony with their environment. This would limit their expansion and contact with other civilizations. Taking this into account, it might lead us to two possible and realistic possibilities. First, the highly advanced extraterrestrials or UFOs that we have seen throughout history could be ourselves from the future. Second, we may have already been visited, but not by beings from other worlds, rather by their unmanned probes capable of enduring the passage of time while traversing vast distances. In fact, it would be better to send a probe to another planet than living beings since the latter would perish within the ship due to the passage of time and the numerous challenges they would face. Unless they discover a way to overcome these obstacles, we have not found a solution to traversing vast distances. However, we have already sent probes into space. If they have done so as well, and one of those probes has reached our planet, it raises the question posed by Abi Loeb and his team of scientists. These researchers are investigating the site of the first impact by an interstellar object in history.
Pending further analysis and upcoming expeditions planned for 2024, according to Loeb, it is not ruled out that this object is an alien probe. The material recovered from the bottom of the ocean, near Papua New Guinea, consists of unusual, highly pure iron spheres that do not match the composition of any known meteorite. Apparently, the object withstood four times the pressure that would normally destroy a common iron meteorite. However, more investigations are needed before we can fully believe this information. It is currently being reported in the media. We must wait for further analyses. Nevertheless, it does seem promising, and we hope to find more answers soon through the expeditions in 2024.
Sources:&nbsp;
<ol>
<li><a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ac561d" target="_blank">https://iopscience.iop.org</a>&nbsp;</li>
<li><a href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-12259813/EXCL-Harvard-scientists-say-UFO-crashed-ocean-2014-appears-artificial-origin.html" target="_blank">https://www.dailymail.co.uk</a>&nbsp;</li>
<li><a href="https://avi-loeb.medium.com/" target="_blank">https://avi-loeb.medium.com/</a>&nbsp;</li>
</ol>

They don’t visit us for THIS reason

This discovery could revolutionize the theories that explain the physics of neutron stars and the formation of magnetars.Astronomers from the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR) have recently made a discovery that promises to reshape our understanding of neutron stars and magnetars. The object, named GPM J1839-10, located 15,000 light-years away in the Scutum constellation, has left scientists awe-struck with its extraordinary properties. Armed with the powerful Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) radio telescope, the international team has stumbled upon a celestial body boasting incredibly strong magnetic fields, a phenomenon that defies existing theories surrounding neutron stars.This newfound celestial wonder is suspected to be an ultra-long period magnetar, an exceptionally rare type of neutron star capable of producing immensely powerful bursts of energy due to its magnetic fields, billions of times more potent than Earth's. Strikingly, GPM J1839-10 emits bursts of radio waves lasting up to five minutes every 22 minutes, breaking all records for magnetar energy emission periods. Surprisingly, the first traces of these waves were observed as far back as 1988 by the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope in India and the U.S. Very Large Array radio telescope, but it took over three decades for the revelation to come to light.The star's unique properties have left researchers astonished, as it challenges their preconceived notions of neutron stars' behavior. Despite its slow rotation, GPM J1839-10 emits high-energy waves, a characteristic that, if confirmed as a magnetar, should not be possible according to current scientific understanding. This enigma raises profound questions about the formation and evolution of magnetars and has the potential to revolutionize our grasp of astrophysical phenomena.The implications of this discovery are far-reaching and may open up exciting new avenues for research. As lead author Natasha Hurley-Walker remarks, the unanticipated nature of GPM J1839-10's existence compels scientists to reevaluate existing theories on neutron stars and their intriguing counterparts, the magnetars. With this celestial enigma waiting to be unraveled, the world of astronomy is set for a new era of exploration and understanding. As the team continues to delve deeper into the secrets of this captivating object, the hope is that it will shed light on the mysteries of the universe, offering fresh insights into the cosmos that will captivate both seasoned scientists and astronomy enthusiasts alike.Source:<ol><li><a href="https://actualidad-rt.com/actualidad/474281-descubren-objeto-estelar-emite-radio-22-minutos" target="_blank">https://actualidad-rt.com</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ol>

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